Denim is a kind of thick yarn-dyed warp-faced twill fabric made of dyed warp yarn (usually indigo blue) and undyed weft yarn (usually light grey or boiled white).
The most common denim is indigo denim, in which the warp thread is dyed, while the weft thread is left white. As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the textile is dominated by the blue warp threads and the other side is dominated by the white weft threads. This causes blue jeans to be white on the inside. The indigo dyeing process, in which the core of the warp threads remains white, creates denim’s signature fading characteristics.

Materials

Most denim yarn is composed entirely of cotton. Some denim yarn may use linen, or cotton blended with polyester, Tencel, and spandex.

Weaving

Most denim today is made on a shuttleless loom, but some denim is still woven on the traditional shuttle loom. Shuttle-loom-woven denim is typically recognizable by its selvage (or selvage), the edge of a fabric created as a continuous cross-yarn (the weft) reverses direction at the edge side of the shuttle loom. The selvage is traditionally accentuated with warp threads of one or more contrasting colors, which can serve as an identifying mark.

Different Types of Denim

• Denim is the main material for jeans. There are various types and specifications of denim.
• According to composition: Cotton denim, Cotton n spandex/stretch denim, Cotton polyester blended denim, T/C spandex denim;
• According to weight: lightweight denim (4.5-8 OZ), Middleweight (9-12 OZ), Heavy (13-14.5 OZ);
• According to weaving technic: Plain weave denim, Twill weave denim, Jacquard weave denim;
• According to style: Normal denim, Ring Slub denim, Crosshatch denim;
• According to finishing treatment: Mercerized denim, Coating denim, flocking denim, Overdye denim, Print denim;
• According to spinning technic: Ring spinning denim, Open-end spinning (OE) denim;
• And special denim, such as color denim, tripe denim, selvage denim, and golden/ silver lurex denim.

The most common count and density of denim are listed below:

• 6OZ denim:16sx16s/80×46
• 8OZ denim: 12sx12s/80×50
• 10OZ denim: 10sx10s/80×50
• 12OZ denim: 10sx7s/80×46
• 14OZ denim: 7sx7s/72×44